The etiology of retinoblastoma
The human retina is formed by cells called retinoblast. The occurrence of cancer is due to genetic mutations that allow retinoblast to continue to grow until the tumor grows on the retina. Cancer can grow in all parts of the eye and spread to other organs, such as the brain and the spinal cord.
Risk factors for retinoblastoma
Gene mutation in the occurrence of retinoblastoma disease is known in most cases, but there may be a child suffering from the disease passed down from the parents. Retinoblastoma derived from hereditary called retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is usually binocular and can be grown because of a very young age.
Screening of retinoblastomas caused by gene mutations is usually accidental, with only one eye appearing. And in adult retinoblastoma can also be triggered by a history of eye diseases such as diabetes or family health history.
Symptoms and complications of retinoblastoma
Common symptoms of retinoblastoma may include leukokoria, which, when irradiated by light, is the pupil of white eyes. Also can occur eyes, eyes swollen, and red eyes. If the situation deteriorates, such as red-eye does not improve will meet the child's ophthalmologist.
The disease can cause blindness and other types of cancer morbidity in those who are diagnosed with retinoblastoma. Cancer can relapse in healthy eyes or other parts of the body. Retinoblastoma patients will be recommended to check the health habits of the eye, before and after treatment to minimize the recurrence of retinoblastoma.
Diagnosis of retinoblastoma
A series of tests need to be done before an ophthalmologist can provide a diagnosis of retinoblastoma patients. Doctors will use a special eyeglass to see if there is a patient with a retinal tumor of the eye. An eye examination can be done under anesthesia to obtain more accurate results.
Doctors may also recommend imaging studies to determine how much cell carcinoma has spread and whether cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body. Recommended cancer cell imaging including ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI. Your doctor may refer to a specialized cancer genetic counselor or surgeon in the course of treatment.
If you have a history of retinoblastoma, consult your doctor about your child should start regular eye examinations. However, the child victims of retinoblastoma are more likely to have regular examinations and can last up to five years.
Stadium retinoblastoma
The level of retinoblastoma is distinguished by size, a degree of dispersion, and location of cancer. This stage will have the effect of being coated on the type of treatment procedure. The early stages of retinoblastoma diagnosis will have a greater level of successful treatment.
The stage of retinoblastoma is found from one or both of the eyes of the current spread of cancer cells and does not spread beyond the ocular network, or simply referred to as intraocular retinoblastoma. The next condition is when cancer has spread to the outside of the eye or other parts of the body. This condition means that cancer has entered the extraocular retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma recurrence occurs after treatment, and then in the eyes of retinoblastoma patients again repeated, or spread to other parts of the body.
Operator retinoblastoma
The doctor will check the patient's severity. Then it will determine whether the blindness still avoids or removes the eyeball that needs to be replaced by the false eye.
One method of treating retinoblastoma is by laser therapy (laser photocoagulation). Laser therapy can be used to destroy blood vessels to nourish the tumor and cause cancer cells to die.
Another treatment is cryotherapy or cryotherapy. This therapy uses cold liquid nitrogen to be frozen before freezing the cancer cells. The freezing process and this appointment can be done several times during the course of treatment. So that cancer cells die to perform the treatment. In addition, there is a heat treatment is the opposite of cold therapy. Thermotherapy uses ultrasound, microwave or laser to directly heat and kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy (radiotherapy) may also include devices for killing cancer cells in retinoblastoma. If you use chemotherapy drugs to kill cancer cells, then radiotherapy uses X-ray radiation to do so. Internal radiation, or close use of devices placed near the tumor to reduce the risk of healthy tissue exposed to radiation. For severe retinoblastoma, extra radiotherapy can be done to the greater exposure to radiation. Compared to internal therapies, this therapy also takes harm to healthy organizations.
When the size of the tumor is too large and/or the tumor is no longer able to be treated with other treatments for surgical removal of the eyeballs. Ophthalmic surgery is initiated by several stages of the appointment of eye cancer. Thereafter, the ball is made (the implant) is installed and connected to the muscles of the eye. Muscle tissue will adapt to the child's big eyes along the healing process so that the eye implants can even move like a natural eye even can not see. The new eyes will be installed for several weeks after surgery, and the implant is placed behind the eyes of the eyelids. In addition to affecting children with vision, this operation also has side effects of bleeding and infection.
Those who were diagnosed with retinoblastoma must be resolved before the stage of cancer is difficult to cure and cause vision loss. After the treatment of the test and test should strive to comply with, especially in the gene mutation of the child.
Prevention of retinoblastoma
Although retinoblastoma in most cases, there is no clear preventive measures, from the beginning of the routine eye examination can be a faster detection of retinoblastoma. Often, regular visits to children's children's regular visits are natural, including visual examinations. Doctors will check for signs of genetic disease, including signs of eye tumors. Routine Ophthalmology Checks adults at least once a year to monitor your eye health and reduces the risk of cancer recurrence.
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